MARPOL公约垃圾处理规定 MARPOL Garbage Disposal Regulations
MARPOL公约垃圾处理规定：特殊区域与非特殊区域排放标准全解析（中英对照）
MARPOL Garbage Disposal Regulations: Comprehensive Guide to Discharge Standards Inside and Outside Special Areas (Chinese-English Bilingual)
引言
根据《国际防止船舶造成污染公约》（MARPOL）附则V的要求，船舶垃圾的规范管理是航运业环保合规的核心环节。不同海域对垃圾排放有着严格的限制，违规排放可能导致高额罚款、船舶滞留甚至刑事责任。本文详细梳理特殊区域内外的垃圾处理规则，帮助船员和船公司准确掌握排放标准，确保合规运营。
Introduction
Under MARPOL Annex V, proper management of shipboard garbage is a cornerstone of environmental compliance in the shipping industry. Different sea areas impose strict restrictions on garbage discharge, and violations can lead to heavy fines, ship detention, or even criminal liability. This article provides a detailed overview of garbage disposal rules inside and outside special areas, assisting seafarers and shipping companies in understanding discharge standards and ensuring operational compliance.
一、特殊区域内的垃圾排放要求
I. Garbage Discharge Requirements Inside Special Areas
在MARPOL划定的特殊区域内，船舶在航行途中必须遵守以下规定：
距离最近陆地或最近冰架至少12海里；
仅允许排放经粉碎机处理至粒径小于25毫米的食品废弃物。
特殊区域范围包括：地中海、波罗的海、黑海、红海、海湾区域、北海、南极区域以及 Wider Caribbean（大加勒比海区域）。这些海域因生态敏感度高，被MARPOL公约列为重点保护区域，任何违规排放都可能对海洋环境造成不可逆的损害。
Inside Special Areas designated by MARPOL, while en route, ships must comply with the following:
Be at least 12 nautical miles from the nearest land or the nearest ice shelf;
Only food wastes that have been ground to a particle size of less than 25 mm may be discharged.
Special Areas include: the Mediterranean Sea, the Baltic Sea, the Black Sea, the Red Sea, the Gulfs area, the North Sea, the Antarctic, and the Wider Caribbean Region. Due to their high ecological sensitivity, these areas are prioritized for protection under MARPOL, and any unauthorized discharge could cause irreversible damage to the marine environment.
二、非特殊区域的垃圾排放规则
II. Garbage Discharge Rules Outside Special Areas
在非特殊区域航行途中，垃圾排放需严格按照离岸距离执行分级管理：
距离最近陆地3海里以内：禁止任何垃圾排放入海。
距离最近陆地3至12海里之间：仅允许排放经粉碎处理至粒径小于25毫米的食品废弃物。
距离最近陆地12海里以外：仅允许排放未经粉碎的食品废弃物。
Outside Special Areas, while en route, garbage discharge must follow tiered requirements based on distance from land:
Within 3 nautical miles of the nearest land: No garbage may be discharged into the sea.
Between 3 and 12 nautical miles from the nearest land: Only food wastes that have been ground to less than 25 mm may be discharged.
Beyond 12 nautical miles from the nearest land: Only food wastes (not necessarily ground) may be discharged.
三、绝对禁止排放入海的垃圾种类
III. Garbage Absolutely Prohibited from Discharge at Sea
无论在任何海域，以下垃圾均严禁排放入海：
塑料制品（包括塑料绳、渔网、塑料袋等）
合成纤维绳索
废弃渔具
塑料垃圾袋
焚烧炉灰渣（包括熔渣）
厨房废油
浮动衬料、包装材料
纸质、布料、玻璃、金属、瓶罐、陶瓷器皿等日常生活垃圾
Regardless of the sea area, the following types of garbage are strictly prohibited from discharge:
Plastics (including synthetic ropes, fishing nets, plastic bags, etc.)
Synthetic ropes
Discarded fishing gear
Plastic garbage bags
Incinerator ashes (including clinkers)
Cooking oil
Floating dunnage, lining and packing materials
Paper, rags, glass, metal, bottles, crockery, and similar refuse
四、混合垃圾的处理原则
IV. Principle for Mixed Garbage
需要注意的是，当不同种类的垃圾混合在一起时，整个混合物将被视为其中危害最大的垃圾类型。例如，装有食品废弃物的塑料袋应整体作为塑料垃圾处理，绝对禁止排放入海。
Please note that whenever garbage is mixed, the entire mixture shall be regarded as the most stringent type of waste contained in it. For example, food waste placed in a plastic bag is considered plastic and must never be discharged into the sea.
合规提示
船舶应配备《垃圾管理计划》和《垃圾记录簿》，详细记录每一次垃圾排放或交付岸上接收设施的情况。
港口国检查官会重点核查垃圾处理记录，未按规定记录可能被视为严重违规。
对于食品废弃物以外的垃圾，必须全部交付岸上接收设施，严禁海上排放。
Compliance Tips
Ships must carry a Garbage Management Plan and a Garbage Record Book, documenting every garbage discharge or delivery to shore reception facilities.
Port State Control Officers (PSCOs) will closely inspect garbage records; failure to record properly may be considered a serious violation.
All garbage other than food wastes must be delivered to shore reception facilities; discharge at sea is strictly forbidden.
关键词总结
MARPOL附则V、船舶垃圾处理、特殊区域、食品废弃物排放、塑料垃圾禁令、垃圾管理计划、港口国检查、海洋环境保护
Keywords
MARPOL Annex V, ship garbage disposal, Special Areas, food waste discharge, plastic garbage ban, Garbage Management Plan, Port State Control, marine environmental protection
常见搜索问题
MARPOL对垃圾排放有什么规定？
特殊区域内可以排放什么垃圾？
船舶食品废弃物排放距离要求是多少？
哪些垃圾绝对禁止排放入海？
混合垃圾如何处理？
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the MARPOL regulations for garbage discharge?
What garbage can be discharged inside Special Areas?
What are the distance requirements for food waste discharge from ships?
Which types of garbage are absolutely prohibited from discharge at sea?
How should mixed garbage be handled?
免责声明：本文内容基于MARPOL附则V的一般规定整理，具体操作请结合船舶实际情况及目的地港口要求，并咨询相关主管机关。
Disclaimer: This article is compiled based on general provisions of MARPOL Annex V. For specific operations, please refer to the actual situation of the ship, requirements of the destination port, and consult relevant authorities.
MARPOL Garbage Disposal Regulations: Comprehensive Guide to Discharge Standards Inside and Outside Special Areas (Chinese-English Bilingual)
引言
根据《国际防止船舶造成污染公约》（MARPOL）附则V的要求，船舶垃圾的规范管理是航运业环保合规的核心环节。不同海域对垃圾排放有着严格的限制，违规排放可能导致高额罚款、船舶滞留甚至刑事责任。本文详细梳理特殊区域内外的垃圾处理规则，帮助船员和船公司准确掌握排放标准，确保合规运营。
Introduction
Under MARPOL Annex V, proper management of shipboard garbage is a cornerstone of environmental compliance in the shipping industry. Different sea areas impose strict restrictions on garbage discharge, and violations can lead to heavy fines, ship detention, or even criminal liability. This article provides a detailed overview of garbage disposal rules inside and outside special areas, assisting seafarers and shipping companies in understanding discharge standards and ensuring operational compliance.
一、特殊区域内的垃圾排放要求
I. Garbage Discharge Requirements Inside Special Areas
在MARPOL划定的特殊区域内，船舶在航行途中必须遵守以下规定：
距离最近陆地或最近冰架至少12海里；
仅允许排放经粉碎机处理至粒径小于25毫米的食品废弃物。
特殊区域范围包括：地中海、波罗的海、黑海、红海、海湾区域、北海、南极区域以及 Wider Caribbean（大加勒比海区域）。这些海域因生态敏感度高，被MARPOL公约列为重点保护区域，任何违规排放都可能对海洋环境造成不可逆的损害。
Inside Special Areas designated by MARPOL, while en route, ships must comply with the following:
Be at least 12 nautical miles from the nearest land or the nearest ice shelf;
Only food wastes that have been ground to a particle size of less than 25 mm may be discharged.
Special Areas include: the Mediterranean Sea, the Baltic Sea, the Black Sea, the Red Sea, the Gulfs area, the North Sea, the Antarctic, and the Wider Caribbean Region. Due to their high ecological sensitivity, these areas are prioritized for protection under MARPOL, and any unauthorized discharge could cause irreversible damage to the marine environment.
二、非特殊区域的垃圾排放规则
II. Garbage Discharge Rules Outside Special Areas
在非特殊区域航行途中，垃圾排放需严格按照离岸距离执行分级管理：
距离最近陆地3海里以内：禁止任何垃圾排放入海。
距离最近陆地3至12海里之间：仅允许排放经粉碎处理至粒径小于25毫米的食品废弃物。
距离最近陆地12海里以外：仅允许排放未经粉碎的食品废弃物。
Outside Special Areas, while en route, garbage discharge must follow tiered requirements based on distance from land:
Within 3 nautical miles of the nearest land: No garbage may be discharged into the sea.
Between 3 and 12 nautical miles from the nearest land: Only food wastes that have been ground to less than 25 mm may be discharged.
Beyond 12 nautical miles from the nearest land: Only food wastes (not necessarily ground) may be discharged.
三、绝对禁止排放入海的垃圾种类
III. Garbage Absolutely Prohibited from Discharge at Sea
无论在任何海域，以下垃圾均严禁排放入海：
塑料制品（包括塑料绳、渔网、塑料袋等）
合成纤维绳索
废弃渔具
塑料垃圾袋
焚烧炉灰渣（包括熔渣）
厨房废油
浮动衬料、包装材料
纸质、布料、玻璃、金属、瓶罐、陶瓷器皿等日常生活垃圾
Regardless of the sea area, the following types of garbage are strictly prohibited from discharge:
Plastics (including synthetic ropes, fishing nets, plastic bags, etc.)
Synthetic ropes
Discarded fishing gear
Plastic garbage bags
Incinerator ashes (including clinkers)
Cooking oil
Floating dunnage, lining and packing materials
Paper, rags, glass, metal, bottles, crockery, and similar refuse
四、混合垃圾的处理原则
IV. Principle for Mixed Garbage
需要注意的是，当不同种类的垃圾混合在一起时，整个混合物将被视为其中危害最大的垃圾类型。例如，装有食品废弃物的塑料袋应整体作为塑料垃圾处理，绝对禁止排放入海。
Please note that whenever garbage is mixed, the entire mixture shall be regarded as the most stringent type of waste contained in it. For example, food waste placed in a plastic bag is considered plastic and must never be discharged into the sea.
合规提示
船舶应配备《垃圾管理计划》和《垃圾记录簿》，详细记录每一次垃圾排放或交付岸上接收设施的情况。
港口国检查官会重点核查垃圾处理记录，未按规定记录可能被视为严重违规。
对于食品废弃物以外的垃圾，必须全部交付岸上接收设施，严禁海上排放。
Compliance Tips
Ships must carry a Garbage Management Plan and a Garbage Record Book, documenting every garbage discharge or delivery to shore reception facilities.
Port State Control Officers (PSCOs) will closely inspect garbage records; failure to record properly may be considered a serious violation.
All garbage other than food wastes must be delivered to shore reception facilities; discharge at sea is strictly forbidden.
关键词总结
MARPOL附则V、船舶垃圾处理、特殊区域、食品废弃物排放、塑料垃圾禁令、垃圾管理计划、港口国检查、海洋环境保护
Keywords
MARPOL Annex V, ship garbage disposal, Special Areas, food waste discharge, plastic garbage ban, Garbage Management Plan, Port State Control, marine environmental protection
常见搜索问题
MARPOL对垃圾排放有什么规定？
特殊区域内可以排放什么垃圾？
船舶食品废弃物排放距离要求是多少？
哪些垃圾绝对禁止排放入海？
混合垃圾如何处理？
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the MARPOL regulations for garbage discharge?
What garbage can be discharged inside Special Areas?
What are the distance requirements for food waste discharge from ships?
Which types of garbage are absolutely prohibited from discharge at sea?
How should mixed garbage be handled?
免责声明：本文内容基于MARPOL附则V的一般规定整理，具体操作请结合船舶实际情况及目的地港口要求，并咨询相关主管机关。
Disclaimer: This article is compiled based on general provisions of MARPOL Annex V. For specific operations, please refer to the actual situation of the ship, requirements of the destination port, and consult relevant authorities.
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